Pepper, Bonnie I., and Shara Sand. "Internalized Homophobia and Intimate Partner Violence in Young Adult Women’s Same-Sex Relationships." Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 24.6 (2015): 656-673. Academic Search Complete. Web. 14 Oct. 2016.

Bonnie Pepper and Shara Sand used qualitative and quantitative measures to study the relationship between internalized homophobia and IPV in same-sex relationships. In addition to open-ended questions, they used revised versions of the Lesbian Internalized Homophobia Scale (LIHS) and Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2), and the Adult Personality Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ). Their primary finding was a positive correlation between sexual coercion and high scores on the LIHS subscale, Moral and Religious Attitudes Toward Lesbianism (MRATL).

​

Sylaska, Kateryna and Katie Edwards. "Disclosure Experiences of Sexual Minority College Student Victims of Intimate Partner Violence." American Journal of Community Psychology 55.3/4 (2015): 326-335. Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson). Web. 14 Oct. 2016.

Kateryna Sylaska and Katie Edwards conducted a national study of college students who were currently in same-sex relationships and experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). Using a minority stress framework, they studied the frequency and ways in which queer IPV victims would disclose their experiences to someone else. They found that increased reports of minority stress were associated with lower instances of IPV disclosure.

​

Turell, Susan et al. “Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Communities’ Readiness for Intimate Partner Violence Prevention.” Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services. 24.3 (2012): 289–310. Web.

Susan Turell and her fellow researchers conducted in-depth interviews in four LGBT communities (two urban, two rural) to evaluate how ready the communities were to implement IPV intervention programs. They used a scale created by the Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, called the Community Readiness Model (CRM). They found that the communities scored at level 2 on the scale, vague awareness. They discuss the possible reasons for this, and give suggestions for how to help communities raise awareness and develop tools with which to address IPV.

​

Tyson, Neil deGrasse. Neil deGrasse Tyson on Twitter: "In science, when human behavior enters the equation, things go nonlinear. That's why Physics is easy and Sociology is hard.". 5 February 2016. 27 November 2016.

<https://twitter.com/neiltyson/status/695759776752496640?lang=en>.

​

Walters, Mikel L, Jieru Chen and Matthew J Breiding. The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 Findings on Victimization by Sexual Orientation. Atlanta: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 2013. Web.

Mikel Walters only interviewed four participants for her study of lesbian survivors of IPV, but she identified some important themes that can inform future research. In her literature review, she states that lesbian feminism of the 1970s was motivated to frame men as the aggressors in IPV out of a need to defend themselves against societal homophobia against lesbians. However, that framing has ultimately backfired; the women in her study were slow to recognize IPV in their relationships because of the beliefs that men are naturally more violent, that women are naturally more nurturing, and that two women fighting would be little more than a bad relationship or a “cat fight.”